E-mobility

According to the International Energy Agency, the global electric vehicle (EV) fleet is projected to reach 145 million units by 2030. While the added energy demand required for charging poses new threats to the reliability of the power system, the increasing number of EVs on the road can also play a key role as a source of flexibility for more reliable system operation if their charging scheduling is properly optimized. In a vehicle-to-everything (V2X) operation, EVs can be used for site self-consumption maximization by storing electricity surplus produced by PVs and releasing it during peak hours, for load peak shifting in grid congestion occurrences or for voltage and frequency regulation by consuming or injecting power when the grid constraints are violated.

A novel operational tool for EV operators with PV-battery charging station aiming at reducing energy costs and carbon emissions, and generating new revenues from the provision of demand-side flexibility. The EVs move between the charging station and another site for daily services, which is also equipped with charge points.

The tool includes three sequential steps: 1) Time-ahead prediction of the available flexibility based on forecasts of energy demand and market conditions, 2) Multi-site optimizer that provides time-ahead optimal charging/ discharging schedules for the EVs moving between different sites, thus being able to provide flexibility services at different locations, 3) Real-time controller that adjusts the EV schedules based on real-time measurements and acceptance of the market bids.